United Pet Club

Hund color

Lysebrun

A pale, warm brown: a light-brown eye, the shell of light-brown layers, and the light brown fleece of alpacas.

150 Hund breeds list Lysebrun. It is in a club standard for 47 breeds. At least one club disqualifies it in 8 breeds.

Breeds whose standards accept Lysebrun

BreedFCIKUSAAKCUKCKC
Afghansk myndeØyneNo rulingNo rulingFeil (“eyes ... light in color”)Standard (“lighter shades of brown are acceptable in light-colored dogs”)No ruling
Alaskan malamuteØyneNo rulingNo rulingNo rulingNo rulingStandard (“in red and white dogs where light eyes are permissible”)
Amerikansk vannspanielØyneStandard (“a light yellowish brown”)No rulingStandard (“a light yellowish brown”)No rulingNo ruling
Appenzeller sennenhundØyneStandard (“in havana brown dogs lighter brown, but as dark as possible”)Standard (“in havana-brown dogs lighter brown, but as dark as possible”)Standard (“in havana brown dogs lighter brown, but as dark as possible”)Standard (“in Havana brown dogs, they may be lighter brown”)No ruling
Australsk kelpieØyneStandard (“In the case of blue dogs a lighter coloured eye is permissible”)Standard (“In the case of blue dogs a lighter-coloured eye is permissible”)Standard (“In the case of blue dogs a lighter coloured eye is permissible”)Standard (“In the case of blue (gray) dogs, a lighter-colored eye is acceptable”)No ruling
Bearded collieØyneNo rulingNo rulingStandard (“in a born blue or fawn, the distinctively lighter eyes are correct”)Standard (“lighter-colored eyes are characteristic of the dogs born blue or fawn”)No ruling
Bluetick coonhoundØyneNo rulingStandard (“never lighter than light brown”)Standard (“never lighter than light brown”)Standard (“not lighter than light brown”)No ruling
BriardØyneStandard (“in blue dogs, paler coloured eyes are permitted”)Standard (“in blue dogs, paler-coloured eyes are permitted”)No rulingNo rulingNo ruling
Cane CorsoØyneNo rulingNo rulingStandard (“lighter shades are approved”)No rulingNo ruling
ChihuahuaØyneFeil (“Light eyes permissible, but not desired”)Standard (“Light eyes in light colours permissible”)Standard (“Light eyes in blond or white-colored dogs permissible”)Feil (“Light eyes in dogs with pale coat colors are permissible but not desirable”)Standard (“Light eyes in light colours permissible”)
Chow chowØyneStandard (“A matching coloured eye permissible in blues and fawns”)Standard (“In blues and fawns, lighter colours permissible in keeping with coat colour”)No rulingNo rulingStandard (“In blues and fawns, lighter colours permissible in keeping with coat colour”)
DachshundØyneNo rulingStandard (“except in chocolates, where they can be lighter”)No rulingFeil (“insufficiently dark eyes”)Standard (“except in chocolates, where they can be lighter”)
DalmatinerØyneNo rulingNo rulingNo rulingStandard (“light brown to amber in liver spotted dogs”)No ruling
Dogue de BordeauxØyneStandard (“lighter colour tolerated but not sought after (brown mask or no mask)”)Standard (“lighter colour tolerated, but not sought after (brown mask or no mask)”)Standard (“lighter color tolerated but not sought after (brown mask or no mask)”)Standard (“Lighter eye colors are acceptable but not preferred”)Standard (“lighter colour tolerated in dogs with brown mask or no mask”)
DvergpinscherØyneNo rulingFeil (“light eyes undesirable in any coat colour”)No rulingStandard (“Chocolate, blue & fawn (Isabella) dogs may have a lighter eye pigment”)Feil (“light eyes undesirable in any coat colour”)
Engelsk setterØyneStandard (“In liver beltons only, a lighter eye acceptable”)Standard (“In liver beltons only, a lighter eye acceptable”)No rulingNo rulingStandard (“In liver beltons only, a lighter eye acceptable”)
Finsk lapphundØyneNo rulingNo rulingStandard (“lighter in lighter colored dogs”)No rulingNo ruling
Fransk bulldogØyneNo rulingNo rulingStandard (“Lighter brown colored eyes are acceptable, but not desirable”)Feil (“Light eyes”)No ruling
Grand danoisØyneStandard (“in blue dogs slightly lighter eyes are tolerated”)Standard (“in blue dogs slightly lighter eyes are tolerated”)No rulingStandard (“A slightly lighter shade of brown is acceptable, but not preferred, in the blue Danes”)No ruling
HarrierØyneNo rulingNo rulingNo rulingStandard (“Lighter eye color in the lighter colored dogs is acceptable”)No ruling
HavaneserØyneNo rulingNo rulingStandard (“Chocolate dogs may have somewhat lighter brown eyes”)No rulingStandard (“In brown shades eyes can be a slightly lighter colour”)
Islandsk fĂ„rehundØyneStandard (“can be slightly lighter in chocolate brown and some cream dogs”)No rulingStandard (“can be slightly lighter in chocolate brown and some cream dogs”)Standard (“the eyes may be somewhat lighter”)Standard (“can be slightly lighter in chocolate brown and some cream dogs”)
Jugoslavisk gjeterhundØyneStandard (“dark or light brown”)No rulingNo rulingNo rulingNo ruling
Kangal gjeterhundØyneStandard (“Dark brown to light brown”)Standard (“Dark brown to light brown”)No rulingNo rulingNo ruling
Karpatisk gjeterhundØyneStandard (“Eyes maybe lighter in color but never yellow”)No rulingStandard (“Eyes maybe lighter in color but never yellow”)No rulingNo ruling
Kinesisk nakenhundØyneNo rulingNo rulingStandard (“lighter-colored dogs may have lighter-colored eyes”)Standard (“may be somewhat lighter in light colored dogs”)No ruling
Lancashire heelerØyneStandard (“except in liver brown where they may be lighter to match coat colour”)Standard (“except in liver brown where they may be lighter to match coat colour”)Standard (“except in liver where they may be lighter to match coat color”)No rulingStandard (“except in liver where they may be lighter to match coat colour”)
LeonbergerØyneStandard (“Light brown to as dark brown as possible”)Standard (“Light brown to as dark brown as possible”)Standard (“Dark brown is preferred over light brown”)Standard (“light to dark brown in color, with dark brown preferred”)No ruling
LöwchenØyneDiskvalifiserende (“too light”)Diskvalifiserende (“too light”)Standard (“lighter colored dogs may have lighter brown eyes”)No rulingNo ruling
MudiØyneNo rulingNo rulingStandard (“Brown, gray and gray-brown may have lighter brown eyes”)No rulingNo ruling
NewfoundlandshundØyneStandard (“lighter shades permitted in brown dogs”)Standard (“lighter shades permitted in brown dogs”)Standard (“Browns and Grays may have lighter eyes”)Standard (“lighter shades are permitted in the brown and gray dogs”)Standard (“lighter shades of brown ... permitted in brown dogs”)
Olde english bulldoggeØyneNo rulingNo rulingNo rulingStandard (“dark to light brown”)No ruling
PointerØyneNo rulingNo rulingNo rulingStandard (“Lighter-colored eyes are acceptable in dogs with self-colored pigment”)No ruling
Polsk lavlandsfĂ„rehundØyneNo rulingNo rulingStandard (“it is natural in a dog with chocolate pigment to have a lighter eye”)No rulingNo ruling
Portugisisk podengo pequenoØyneNo rulingNo rulingNo rulingNo rulingStandard (“from light to dark brown”)
Rumensk mioritisk gjeterhundØyneStandard (“or slightly lighter”)No rulingStandard (“or slightly lighter”)No rulingNo ruling
Russisk toyØyneNo rulingNo rulingStandard (“Chocolate and Tan dogs have eyes that are brown to light brown”)No rulingStandard (“Lighter eyes permitted in self-coloured dogs”)
Russisk tsvetnaja bolonkaØyneNo rulingNo rulingStandard (“Lighter brown color is allowed in brown, fawn and cream dogs”)No rulingNo ruling
SchĂ€ferhundØyneFeil (“light, piercing eyes are undesirable”)Feil (“light, piercing eyes are undesirable”)No rulingFeil (“light eyes”)Standard (“lighter shade tolerated”)
Shar-peiØyneNo rulingNo rulingNo rulingNo rulingStandard (“Dogs with self-coloured pigment and amber or light brown eyes”)
Shih TzuØyneStandard (“In liver or liver-marked dogs, lighter eye colour permissible”)Standard (“In liver or liver-marked dogs, lighter eye colour permissible”)Standard (“Lighter on liver pigmented dogs and blue pigmented dogs”)Standard (“may be lighter in liver and blue-pigmented dogs”)Standard (“In liver or liver-marked dogs, lighter eye colour permissible”)
Spansk vannhundØyneNo rulingNo rulingNo rulingStandard (“White dogs may have either light brown or dark brown eyes”)No ruling
StabyhounØyneStandard (“a lighter brown colour for dogs with a brown and white coat colour”)Standard (“a lighter brown colour for dogs with a brown and white coat colour”)Standard (“a lighter brown colour for dogs with a brown and white coat colour”)No rulingNo ruling
Tibetansk mastiffØyneStandard (“any shade of brown”)Standard (“any shade of brown”)Standard (“any shade of brown”)Standard (“Any shade of brown”)No ruling
Tsjekkisk terrierØyneStandard (“light brown in light-coffee-brown dogs”)Standard (“light brown in light coffee-brown dogs”)Standard (“the color being lighter in coffee-colored dogs”)Standard (“light brown in the light coffee brown dogs”)Standard (“in light brown dogs – light to dark brown”)
Tysk spissØyneFeil (“too big and too light eyes”)Feil (“too big or too light eyes”)Standard (“the brown dog may have a lighter brown eye”)No rulingNo ruling
Welsh springer spanielØyneNo rulingNo rulingStandard (“lighter shades of brown are acceptable”)No rulingNo ruling

Breeds where Lysebrun is a fault

BreedFCIKUSAAKCUKCKC
AffenpinscherØyneFeil (“Light eyes”)Feil (“Light eyes”)No rulingNo rulingNo ruling
AiredaleterrierØyneNo rulingNo rulingNo rulingFeil (“Light or bold eyes are highly undesirable”)No ruling
AkitaØyneFeil (“light eyes (American Akita)”)Feil (“light eyes (American Akita)”)Feil (“light colored irises (Japanese Akitainu)”)No rulingNo ruling
AkitaJapansk · ØyneFeil (“iris light in colour”)Feil (“iris light in colour”)Feil (“light colored irises”)No rulingNo ruling
AkitaAmerikansk · ØyneFeil (“light eyes”)Feil (“light eyes”)No rulingNo rulingNo ruling
Amerikansk nakenterrierØyneNo rulingNo rulingNo rulingFeil (“light-colored eyes in a dog with black coat color or black pigment”)No ruling
Amerikansk staffordshireterrierØyneFeil (“Light eyes”)Feil (“Light ... eyes”)Feil (“light ... eyes”)No rulingNo ruling
Australsk terrierØyneNo rulingNo rulingFeil (“Light-colored ... eyes”)No rulingNo ruling
AzawakhØyneDiskvalifiserende (“Light eyes”)Diskvalifiserende (“Light eyes”)No rulingNo rulingFeil (“Light eyes undesirable”)
BarbetØyneFeil (“Light eyes”)No rulingNo rulingNo rulingNo ruling
Basset ArtĂ©sien NormandØyneFeil (“Eyes light”)Feil (“Eyes light”)No rulingNo rulingNo ruling
Basset Fauve de BretagneØyneFeil (“Eyes: Light”)Feil (“Eyes: Light”)Feil (“A light eye”)Diskvalifiserende (“Extremely light eyes”)No ruling
Basset houndØyneFeil (“Light or yellow eye highly undesirable”)Feil (“Light or yellow eye undesirable”)Feil (“A somewhat lighter-colored eye ... is acceptable but not desirable”)No rulingFeil (“Light or yellow eye undesirable”)
Belgisk fĂ„rehundØyneNo rulingNo rulingNo rulingFeil (“very light ... eyes”)No ruling
Belgisk laekenoisØyneFeil (“Eyes: light, round”)Feil (“Eyes: light, round”)No rulingNo rulingNo ruling
Belgisk malinoisØyneNo rulingNo rulingFeil (“light eyes are a fault”)Feil (“very light ... eyes”)No ruling
Belgisk tervuerenØyneNo rulingNo rulingFeil (“light, yellow or round eyes are a fault”)Feil (“very light ... eyes”)No ruling
Berger PicardØyneFeil (“eyes very light in colour”)Feil (“eyes very light in colour”)No rulingNo rulingNo ruling
Bichon friséØyneFeil (“Eyes: Light-coloured”)No rulingFeilFeilNo ruling
Black and tan coonhoundØyneFeil (“Yellow or light eyes”)No rulingFeil (“Penalize yellow or light eyes”)No rulingFeil (“Yellow or light eyes undesirable”)
BorzoiØyneNo rulingNo rulingNo rulingFeil (“Light-colored eyes”)No ruling
Bouvier des FlandresØyneFeil (“light ... eyes should be strongly penalised”)Feil (“light ... eyes should be strongly penalised”)Feil (“yellow or light eyes”)Feil (“yellow or light eyes”)No ruling
Braque du BourbonnaisØyneFeil (“Eyes too light”)No rulingFeil (“Eyes too light”)Feil (“Light eyes”)No ruling
BretagneØyneFeil (“Eyes: Light, mean look”)Feil (“Eyes: Light, mean look”)Feil (“Light and mean-looking eyes should be heavily penalized”)Feil (“Light-colored eyes”)No ruling
BrĂŒsselgriffonØyneFeil (“Small, oval or light-coloured eyes are a fault”)No rulingNo rulingNo rulingNo ruling
BullmastiffØyneFeil (“Light or yellow eyes highly undesirable”)Feil (“Light or yellow eyes undesirable”)No rulingFeil (“Light or yellow eyes”)Feil (“Light or yellow eyes undesirable”)
CanaanhundØyneNo rulingNo rulingNo rulingFeil (“the lighter the eye, the more serious the fault”)No ruling
Cavalier King Charles spanielØyneNo rulingNo rulingFeil (“light eyes”)No rulingNo ruling
Clumber spanielØyneFeil (“Full light eyes highly undesirable”)Feil (“Full light eyes highly undesirable”)No rulingNo rulingFeil (“Full light eyes highly undesirable”)
Coton de TulĂ©arØyneFeil (“Eyes: Light”)Feil (“Eyes: Light”)DiskvalifiserendeNo rulingNo ruling
DobermannØyneNo rulingNo rulingNo rulingNo rulingFeil (“light eyes in black dogs undesirable”)
Dogo ArgentinoØyneFeil (“light or yellow”)Feil (“light or yellow”)No rulingDiskvalifiserendeNo ruling
DreverØyneFeil (“Light eyes”)No rulingFeil (“Light eyes”)Feil (“Light eyes”)No ruling
DvergschnauzerØyneFeil (“Light, too large or round eyes”)No rulingNo rulingFeil (“Light eyes”)No ruling
Engelsk springer spanielØyneFeil (“Light eyes undesirable”)Feil (“Light eyes undesirable”)No rulingNo rulingFeil (“Light eyes undesirable”)
Estrela fjellhundØyneFeil (“Eyes: Light coloured”)Feil (“Eyes: Light-coloured”)Feil (“Eyes: Light coloured”)No rulingNo ruling
Finsk spissØyneNo rulingNo rulingFeil (“light eyes should be faulted”)Feil (“Light”)No ruling
Fransk spanielØyneFeil (“Eye colour too light”)No rulingFeil (“Eye colour too light”)Feil (“Light eyes”)No ruling
Glen of Imaal terrierØyneFeil (“Light eyes should be penalised”)Feil (“Light eyes should be penalised”)Feil (“Light eyes should be penalized”)Feil (“Light eyes”)Feil (“Light eyes undesirable”)
Golden retrieverØyneNo rulingNo rulingNo rulingFeil (“Light eyes”)No ruling
Grand basset griffon vendĂ©enØyneFeil (“Light eye”)Feil (“light eye”)No rulingFeil (“Light eyes”)No ruling
HamiltonstþverØyneFeil (“Light eyes”)Feil (“Light eyes”)Feil (“Light eyes”)Feil (“Light eyes”)No ruling
HovawartØyneFeil (“One lightbrown eye or two lightbrown eyes”)No rulingFeil (“One lightbrown eye or two lightbrown eyes”)No rulingNo ruling
Irsk terrierØyneFeil (“A yellow or light eye is most objectionable”)Feil (“A light or yellow eye undesirable”)Feil (“The light or yellow eye is most objectionable, and is a bad fault”)Feil (“Light or yellow eyes”)Feil (“A light or yellow eye undesirable”)
Irsk ulvehundØyneFeil (“Very light eyes”)Feil (“Very light eyes”)No rulingFeil (“Very light eyes”)No ruling
Italiensk myndeØyneNo rulingNo rulingFeil (“Very light eyes”)No rulingNo ruling
JaktterrierØyneFeil (“Light, too big or protruding eyes”)No rulingFeil (“Light, too big or protruding eyes”)No rulingNo ruling
Kai kenØyneFeil (“Light-coloured eyes”)No rulingFeil (“light colored eyes”)No rulingNo ruling
KeeshondØyneFeil (“Too big and too light eyes”)Feil (“Too big and too light eyes”)Feil (“eyes light of color”)Feil (“Light-colored eyes”)No ruling
Kerry blue terrierØyneFeil (“Yellow or light coloured eyes”)No rulingNo rulingFeil (“light eyes”)No ruling
KomondorØyneNo rulingNo rulingNo rulingFeil (“light-colored eyes”)No ruling
KorthĂ„ret foxterrierØyneNo rulingNo rulingNo rulingFeil (“Light eyes”)No ruling
KorthĂ„ret tysk vorstehhundØyneFeil (“Eyes too light”)No rulingNo rulingNo rulingNo ruling
KromfohrlĂ€nderØyneFeil (“Light eyes”)Feil (“Light eyes”)No rulingNo rulingNo ruling
LakelandterrierØyneNo rulingNo rulingNo rulingNo rulingFeil (“light eyes undesirable”)
Lapsk vallhundØyneFeil (“Very light eyes in black dogs”)No rulingFeil (“Very light eyes in black dogs”)No rulingNo ruling
Liten mĂŒnsterlĂ€nderØyneFeil (“Eyes too light”)Feil (“Eyes too light”)Feil (“Eyes too light or light-yellow hawk eyes are severe faults”)Feil (“Light eyes”)No ruling
Norsk buhundØyneNo rulingNo rulingNo rulingFeil (“light eyes”)No ruling
Norsk elghund grÄØyneFeil (“Light eyes”)Feil (“Light eyes”)No rulingNo rulingNo ruling
Old english sheepdogØyneFeil (“light eyes undesirable”)Feil (“light eyes undesirable”)No rulingNo rulingFeil (“light eyes undesirable”)
PapillonØyneFeil (“light in colour”)No rulingNo rulingNo rulingNo ruling
Parson Russell terrierØyneNo rulingNo rulingFeil (“Light ... eye”)Feil (“Light eyes”)No ruling
Petit basset griffon vendĂ©enØyneFeil (“Light eye”)No rulingNo rulingNo rulingNo ruling
PomeranianØyneFeil (“too big and too light eyes”)No rulingNo rulingNo rulingNo ruling
PorcelaineØyneDiskvalifiserende (“Eyes ... light”)No rulingDiskvalifiserende (“Eyes ... light”)Feil (“Light eyes”)No ruling
Portugisisk pointerØyneFeil (“Eyes: Small, light, inexpressive”)No rulingFeil (“Eyes: Small, light, inexpressive”)No rulingNo ruling
Portugisisk vannhundØyneFeil (“Eyes: Light”)Feil (“Eyes: Light”)No rulingNo rulingNo ruling
Puddel (dverg)ØyneFeil (“not dark enough”)No rulingNo rulingFeil (“very light eyes”)No ruling
Puddel (standard)ØyneFeil (“not dark enough”)No rulingNo rulingFeil (“very light eyes”)No ruling
Puddel (toy)ØyneFeil (“Eyes: too big and too round, or sunken, not dark enough”)No rulingNo rulingFeil (“very light eyes”)No ruling
Pyreneisk gjeterhundØyneFeil (“light ... eyes”)Feil (“light ... eyes”)No rulingNo rulingNo ruling
Rafeiro do AlentejoØyneFeil (“Eyes: Light coloured”)No rulingFeil (“Eyes: Light coloured”)No rulingNo ruling
RiesenschnauzerØyneFeil (“Light, too large or round eyes”)Feil (“Light, too large or round eyes”)No rulingNo rulingNo ruling
RotteterrierØyneNo rulingNo rulingNo rulingFeil (“light-colored eyes in a dog with black coat color or black pigment”)No ruling
RottweilerØyneNo rulingNo rulingNo rulingNo rulingFeil (“light eye undesirable”)
Russell terrierØyneNo rulingNo rulingNo rulingFeil (“Light eyes”)No ruling
SamojedØyneNo rulingNo rulingNo rulingNo rulingFeil (“light or black eyes undesirable”)
SchipperkeØyneFeil (“light in colour”)No rulingNo rulingFeil (“Light eyes”)No ruling
SchnauzerØyneFeil (“Light, too large or round eyes”)Feil (“Light, too large, or round eyes”)No rulingNo rulingNo ruling
SealyhamterrierØyneNo rulingNo rulingFeil (“Light ... eye bad faults”)No rulingNo ruling
Shetland sheepdogØyneNo rulingNo rulingNo rulingFeil (“Eyes too light”)No ruling
Shiba inuØyneNo rulingNo rulingNo rulingFeil (“Light brown ... eyes”)No ruling
Silky terrierØyneNo rulingNo rulingFeil (“Light eyes are a serious fault”)Feil (“Light eyes”)No ruling
Skotsk hjortehundØyneFeil (“Light eyes undesirable”)Feil (“Light eyes undesirable”)No rulingFeil (“Very light-colored eyes”)Feil (“Light eyes undesirable”)
Skotsk terrierØyneNo rulingNo rulingFeil (“light eyes”)Feil (“light eyes”)No ruling
SloughiØyneFeil (“Too light-coloured eyes”)Feil (“Too light-coloured eyes”)No rulingNo rulingNo ruling
Slovakisk kopovØyneFeil (“light eye”)No rulingFeil (“light eye”)Feil (“Light eyes”)No ruling
Spansk myndeØyneFeil (“Eyes light”)Feil (“Eyes light”)No rulingNo rulingNo ruling
Staffordshire bullterrierØyneNo rulingNo rulingFeil (“light eyes ... to be considered a fault”)No rulingNo ruling
Stor sveitsisk sennenhundØyneFeil (“Light eyes”)Feil (“Light eyes”)No rulingNo rulingNo ruling
StrihĂ„ret foxterrierØyneFeil (“light eyes highly undesirable”)Feil (“light eyes undesirable”)No rulingFeil (“light eyes”)Feil (“light eyes undesirable”)
Sussex spanielØyneNo rulingNo rulingFeil (“light eyes”)No rulingNo ruling
Svart russisk terrierØyneFeil (“light coloured eyes”)Feil (“light-coloured eyes”)Feil (“Light eyes are a serious fault”)Feil (“Light colored eyes”)No ruling
Tibetansk spanielØyneNo rulingNo rulingFeil (“light eyes”)No rulingNo ruling
Toy foxterrierØyneNo rulingNo rulingNo rulingFeil (“Light color”)No ruling
Treeing walker coonhoundØyneNo rulingNo rulingFeil (“yellow or light eyes”)No rulingNo ruling
VĂ€stgötaspetsØyneFeil (“light eyes giving wrong expression”)Feil (“light eyes giving wrong expression”)No rulingNo rulingNo ruling
West highland white terrierØyneFeil (“light coloured eyes highly undesirable”)Feil (“light-coloured eyes undesirable”)No rulingFeil (“light-colored eyes”)Feil (“light-coloured eyes undesirable”)
WhippetØyneNo rulingNo rulingFeil (“Light eyes are undesirable”)Feil (“Yellow or light eyes”)No ruling
XoloitzcuintliØyneFeil (“Light coloured ... eyes”)Feil (“Light-coloured ... eyes”)No rulingNo rulingNo ruling

Breeds where Lysebrun is disqualified or not accepted

BreedFCIKUSAKC
BeauceronØyneDiskvalifiserende (“eyes too light”)Diskvalifiserende (“eyes too light”)No ruling
Ca de BouØyneDiskvalifiserende (“Light or yellow eyes”)No rulingNo ruling
Engelsk cocker spanielØyneIkke anerkjent (“never light”)Ikke anerkjent (“never light”)Ikke anerkjent (“never light”)

Color changes

How Lysebrun can appear or change over an animal's life.

  • BlĂ„changes toLysebrun

    Øyne · Med alderen · from 2 weeks

See all Hund colors, patterns and markings