The Xoloitzcuintli (pronounced show-low-eats-queen-tlee), often called the Xolo or Mexican Hairless Dog, is one of the oldest and rarest dog breeds in the world, with a history stretching back over 3,000 years. Revered by the Aztecs, Toltecs, and Maya, the Xolo was considered a sacred dog that guided souls to the underworld and offered protection from evil spirits.
Spanish conquistadors noted the presence of hairless dogs in Mexico in the 16th century. Although nearly lost to history, passionate enthusiasts revived the breed in the 20th century. In 1956, the Xolo was officially recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI), and by 2011, the American Kennel Club (AKC) fully recognized it.
The Xolo holds a cultural treasure status in Mexico and is the country’s national dog. Its popularity has spread globally, admired for its ancient lineage, low-maintenance coat, and calm demeanor. Appearances in art, such as Frida Kahlo’s paintings and as the spirit guide “Dante” in Pixar’s Coco, have further elevated its fame.
Today, the Xolo is valued both as a loyal companion and a symbol of Mexican heritage.
The Xoloitzcuintli is an elegant, well-muscled dog available in three sizes: Toy, Miniature, and Standard.
• Toy Height: 10–14 inches (25–35 cm)
• Miniature Height: 14–18 inches (35–46 cm)
• Standard Height: 18–23 inches (46–60 cm)
• Weight: 10–55 pounds (4.5–25 kg), depending on size
• Build: Lean, graceful, yet robust
• Coat: Hairless (smooth, tough skin) or Coated (short, flat coat)
• Color: Black, slate, gray-black, red, liver, or bronze; often with spotted patterns
• Head: Elegant, wedge-shaped with wrinkled brow
• Ears: Large, bat-like, and erect
• Eyes: Almond-shaped, expressive and dark
• Tail: Long, slender, carried low or in a graceful curve
The Xolo is an intelligent, calm, and devoted companion, making it an excellent pet for many lifestyles.
• Calm and gentle indoors: Often quiet and affectionate
• Alert and protective: Makes an excellent watchdog
• Highly intelligent: Learns quickly with positive reinforcement
• Loyal and sensitive: Bonds deeply with family
• Reserved with strangers: May be aloof but not aggressive
This breed is ideal for:
• Individuals seeking a low-maintenance, hypoallergenic companion
• Families desiring a quiet, affectionate dog
• Owners appreciating Mexican culture and history
• Those wanting an intelligent, clean, and loyal companion
It may not suit:
• Cold climates without adequate protection
• Owners seeking high-energy or overly playful dogs
• Households with very rough or boisterous children
Though low-shedding, the Xolo needs thoughtful care, especially for its skin.
• Exercise: Moderate daily walks and play
• Training: Gentle, consistent training and early socialization
• Grooming:
o Hairless: Moisturize skin regularly, apply sunscreen, bathe weekly
o Coated: Brush weekly and bathe occasionally
• Living Environment: Adaptable to apartments or homes with fenced yards
• Clothing: In cooler climates, provide sweaters or jackets
• Feeding: Balanced diet to maintain lean physique
Generally a healthy breed, but monitor for:
• Skin irritations (hairless variety)
• Missing teeth (common in hairless dogs)
• Patellar luxation
• Hip dysplasia (rare)
Average lifespan is 13–18 years.
• Chinese Crested (Hairless): Both have hairless varieties; Xolo is sturdier and calmer
• Peruvian Inca Orchid: Another ancient hairless breed; Xolo tends to be more robust and less fragile
• Basenji: Similar size and independence, but Basenji is more active and vocal
If you desire a quiet, affectionate, and low-maintenance companion steeped in ancient history and culture, the Xoloitzcuintli may be the perfect choice.
Seek reputable breeders who screen for health issues and prioritize temperament. Rescues and breed clubs occasionally offer adoptable adults. United Pet Club offers pet passports, microchip registry services, and veterinary resources for Xolo owners who travel or want enhanced record-keeping.