The Portuguese Water Dog, or Cão de Água Português, has ancient roots tracing back to the coastal regions of Portugal, where it served as a vital partner to fishermen. These dogs were trained to herd fish into nets, retrieve lost tackle, deliver messages between boats, and even guard the boat when ashore. Their intelligence, swimming ability, and natural drive made them indispensable crew members.
As technology advanced, their working role diminished, but the breed’s charm, trainability, and hypoallergenic coat helped it transition into a beloved companion. In modern times, the breed gained global attention when President Barack Obama chose a Portuguese Water Dog, “Bo,” as the First Dog of the United States.
Thanks to their presidential spotlight and appealing traits, Portuguese Water Dogs have grown in popularity, especially in North America and Europe. They are a recognized breed by all major kennel clubs, including the American Kennel Club (AKC), where they are categorized under the Working Group.
They are especially favored by active families and individuals with allergies, as their coat is considered more hypoallergenic than most breeds.
This breed is a medium-sized, muscular, and athletic dog built for stamina, agility, and especially swimming.
• Height: 17–23 inches (43–58 cm)
• Weight: 35–60 pounds (16–27 kg)
• Build: Compact, solid, and balanced
• Coat: Dense and curly or wavy, water-resistant
• Color: Black, white, brown, or combinations (black/white, brown/white)
• Head: Distinct, broad head with expressive eyes and strong jaw
• Tail: Thick at the base, tapering to a point, often carried in a ring when alert
Many owners opt for the traditional retriever clip or lion clip—both styles historically practical for working in water.
The Portuguese Water Dog is intelligent, adventurous, and affectionate—a true people-oriented breed that thrives with companionship and activity.
• Energetic and Athletic: Needs daily physical activity, especially swimming
• Highly Trainable: Learns commands quickly and excels in dog sports
• Devoted and Affectionate: Loves to be part of the family and is great with children
• Sociable: Usually friendly with strangers and other pets if well-socialized
• Watchful but Not Aggressive: Naturally protective but not prone to hostility
They have a silly and fun-loving side, making them entertaining companions, especially for families who enjoy outdoor activities.
This breed is ideal for owners who want a versatile, loving, and allergy-friendly dog with lots of personality.
Perfect for:
• Active households
• Swimmers and boaters
• Agility, obedience, or rally participants
• Families with children
• Owners with mild allergies
They are especially popular among those who want a dog with low to no shedding but are ready for regular grooming responsibilities.
• Exercise: Requires 60–90 minutes of daily activity. Swimming, jogging, fetch, and training are great outlets.
• Training: Very intelligent and thrives with mental challenges. Early socialization and positive reinforcement are key.
• Grooming: Needs brushing 2–3 times a week and professional grooming every 6–8 weeks. Coat does not shed but mats easily if neglected.
• Living Environment: Adapts well to both houses and apartments if exercise needs are met. Loves access to water.
• Diet: A balanced diet with high-quality protein supports their active lifestyle.
The Portuguese Water Dog is generally healthy but is prone to a few hereditary conditions:
• Hip dysplasia
• Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA)
• Juvenile dilated cardiomyopathy
• GM1 storage disease (a rare neurodegenerative disorder—now mostly eliminated via responsible breeding)
Lifespan averages 11–14 years, and reputable breeders perform genetic health tests to reduce risks.
• Poodle: Both are hypoallergenic and intelligent, but the Portuguese Water Dog is typically more rugged and less refined.
• Labrador Retriever: Similar in energy and friendliness, but Labs shed more and have a different coat type.
• Spanish Water Dog: Very similar in function and grooming needs, though Spanish Water Dogs are more reserved.
If you want a dog that’s affectionate, smart, active, and hypoallergenic, the Portuguese Water Dog is a fantastic option. It’s well-suited for homes with the time and energy to keep up with its mental and physical demands.
It’s not the best match for sedentary households or owners looking for a low-maintenance breed. But with love, training, and exercise, this breed flourishes and becomes an unforgettable companion.
When searching for a Portuguese Water Dog, it’s essential to work with responsible breeders who prioritize health testing and temperament. Adoption from breed-specific rescues is also a good option. United Pet Club can assist with reputable breeder referrals, health planning, and pet passport services to facilitate travel and ownership.