The Pomeranian, often affectionately called the “Pom,” is a toy breed with royal roots and an oversized personality. Originating from the historical region of Pomerania (now part of modern-day Poland and Germany), Pomeranians are descendants of larger Arctic sled-pulling spitz dogs. Their early ancestors were robust working dogs used for herding and guarding livestock in harsh climates.
It wasn’t until the breed made its way to England—particularly under the influence of Queen Victoria, who famously owned a small Pomeranian named Marco—that the breed’s size was intentionally reduced to toy proportions. This shift helped popularize the miniature version of the dog we know today.
Today’s Pomeranian is a far cry from its larger, utilitarian ancestors, but it still carries that spunky, alert attitude and fox-like cleverness that define the spitz family.
Pomeranians have consistently been one of the most popular toy breeds worldwide. Their compact size, fluffy appearance, and bold personality make them beloved by city dwellers, celebrities, and dog lovers alike.
They are also a common presence in dog shows, agility, and even as therapy dogs, owing to their intelligence and eagerness to interact with people.
The Pomeranian is known for its signature puffy double coat, small frame, and foxy face with bright, expressive eyes.
• Height: 6–7 inches (15–18 cm)
• Weight: 3–7 pounds (1.4–3.2 kg)
• Coat: Dense double coat with a long, straight outer layer and soft undercoat
• Color: Available in over 20 colors including orange, black, white, cream, blue, sable, chocolate, and merle
• Ears: Small, upright, and pointed
• Tail: Plumed and carried high over the back
• Expression: Alert, intelligent, and inquisitive
Despite their petite size, they are compact and sturdy.
Pomeranians are often described as “big dogs in little bodies.” They are vivacious, curious, and brimming with confidence.
• Loyal: Strong attachment to their owners
• Alert: Makes an excellent watchdog despite the small stature
• Playful and Spirited: Loves games, toys, and interactive play
• Clever: Quick learners, often picking up tricks and routines easily
• Vocal: Prone to barking, especially when excited or suspicious
They need early socialization to ensure they remain well-mannered, as their boldness can sometimes make them bossy.
A Pomeranian is an ideal dog for someone who wants a small, active companion with personality to spare. Their intelligence and sass make them endlessly entertaining.
• Ideal for Small Homes: Apartment-friendly and highly adaptable
• Low Exercise Needs: Satisfied with short daily walks and indoor play
• Grooming Rituals: If you enjoy brushing and bonding, their coat care can be a pleasure
• Engaging Personality: Bright, interactive, and emotionally expressive
• Great for Singles and Seniors: Their size and affection make them great for companionship
Though compact and energetic, Pomeranians are fairly easy to care for as long as their coat and teeth are managed properly.
• Exercise:
o Short walks and indoor play suffice
o Mental stimulation is just as important as physical activity
• Training:
o Quick learners but can be stubborn
o Respond well to positive reinforcement and consistency
• Grooming:
o Brush 2–3 times a week (daily during heavy shedding)
o Occasional trimming around the feet and sanitary areas
o Regular ear cleaning, dental care, and nail trims
• Living Environment:
o Suited for apartments, condos, or houses
o Prefer being with people and do poorly in isolation
Pomeranians are generally healthy and long-lived, with lifespans ranging from 12–16 years, sometimes even longer with excellent care. However, they can be prone to some health issues:
• Dental Disease (common in small breeds)
• Luxating Patella
• Tracheal Collapse
• Hypothyroidism
• Alopecia X (Black Skin Disease)
• Heart Conditions in later years
Preventative care, good nutrition, and regular checkups will go a long way toward maintaining their well-being.
Often compared to the Papillon, Chihuahua, and Japanese Chin, the Pomeranian stands out for its fluffy coat and strong-willed personality. Unlike many toy breeds, they tend to be more alert and bold, with a less fragile demeanor.
If you want a confident, intelligent dog with show-stopping fluff and a quirky attitude, the Pomeranian could be a perfect fit. They’re great for first-time dog owners willing to dedicate time to training, grooming, and companionship.
United Pet Club can connect you with ethical breeders, offer support on grooming routines, and help you navigate training with expert advice and community support.