墨西哥无毛犬
墨西哥无毛犬是一种古老、忠诚的墨西哥无毛品种，因其沉静的奉献精神和警惕、专注的天性而备受珍视。
- Size
- 中等
- Lifespan
- 13–18 years
- Origin
- 墨西哥
- Temperament
- 忠诚
- Standard colors
- 黑色、白色和灰色 and 12 more
Characteristics
Coat and grooming
How the 墨西哥无毛犬 coat is built, and what that means when you groom it.
- 被毛层数
- 无毛
- 毛长
- 短
- 掉毛
- 掉毛少
Grooming guidance
注意: A 墨西哥无毛犬 needs protection from the sun.
裸露的皮肤晒伤很快，也同样挡不住寒冷。外出需要遮阴、天凉时穿衣，或使用兽医认可可用于动物的防晒产品。
墨西哥无毛犬 colors and patterns
What each club's breed standard says about every 墨西哥无毛犬 color and pattern. Point at a ruling to see the club's own wording.
Breed standards describe the 墨西哥无毛犬 in 黑色、白色、灰色、蓝色、丁香色、石板灰、肝色、黄褐色、红色、铜色、黄色、帕洛米诺、奶油色、小鹿色和伊莎贝拉色. Standard patterns: 纯色、双色、三色、虎纹、陨石色、貂色、斑点、黄褐重点和反向虎斑.
| Color or pattern | FCI | AKC | UKC | KC | KUSA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 黑色 | 符合标准 (“black”) | 符合标准 (“Black”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“black”) | 符合标准 (“black”) |
| 白色 | 符合标准 (“spots of any colour, including white markings (white: disqualifying)”) | 符合标准 (“white spots and markings are permitted”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“spots of any colour, including white markings”) | 符合标准 (“spots of any colour, including white markings (white: disqualifying)”) |
| 灰色 | 符合标准 (“blackish grey, slate grey, dark grey”) | 符合标准 (“Gray”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“grey in any shade”) | 符合标准 (“blackish grey, slate grey, dark grey”) |
| 蓝色 | 失格 | No ruling | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“Blue”) | 失格 |
| 丁香色 | 失格 | No ruling | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“Lilac”) | 失格 |
| 石板灰 | 符合标准 (“slate grey”) | 符合标准 (“Slate”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“grey in any shade”) | 符合标准 (“slate grey”) |
| 肝色 | 符合标准 (“liver”) | 符合标准 (“Liver”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“liver”) | 符合标准 (“liver”) |
| 黄褐色 | 失格 (“black and tan”) | 符合标准 (“Tan Markings”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“Black & Tan”) | 失格 (“black and tan”) |
| 红色 | 符合标准 (“reddish”) | 符合标准 (“Red”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“red”) | 符合标准 (“reddish”) |
| 铜色 | 失格 | No ruling | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“Copper”) | 失格 |
| 黄色 | 失格 | No ruling | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“White & Yellow”) | 失格 |
| 帕洛米诺 | 失格 | 符合标准 (“Palomino”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | No ruling | 失格 |
| 奶油色 | 符合标准 (“blond”) | No ruling | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“blonde”) | 符合标准 (“blonde”) |
| 小鹿色 | 失格 | 符合标准 (“Fawn”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“Fawn”) | 失格 |
| 伊莎贝拉色 | 失格 | No ruling | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“Isabella”) | 失格 |
| 白化 | 失格 (“Albinism”) | No ruling | 失格 (“Albinism”) | No ruling | 失格 (“Albinism”) |
| Patterns | |||||
| 纯色 | 符合标准 (“Solid, uniform, dark colours are preferred”) | 符合标准 (“A dark, uniform color is preferred”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“Solid, uniform and dark colours are preferable”) | 符合标准 (“Solid, uniform, dark-coloured skin is preferred”) |
| 双色 | 符合标准 (“spots of any colour, including white markings”) | 替代 (“Black & White”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“Black & White”) | 符合标准 (“spots of any colour, including white markings”) |
| 三色 | 失格 | 替代 (“Black White & Tan”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“Tricolour”) | 失格 |
| 虎纹 | 失格 (“brindle”) | 符合标准 (“Brindle”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“Black Brindle”) | 失格 (“brindle”) |
| 陨石色 | 失格 (“Merle colour”) | 替代 (“Merle”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 未获认可 (“Merle unacceptable”) | 失格 (“Merle colour”) |
| 貂色 | 失格 (“sable”) | 符合标准 (“Sable”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“Sable”) | 失格 (“sable”) |
| 斑点 | 符合标准 (“There may also be spots of any colour”) | 符合标准 (“Spotted”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“There may also be spots of any colour”) | 符合标准 (“There may also be spots of any colour”) |
| 黄褐重点 | 失格 (“black and tan”) | 符合标准 (“Tan Markings”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“Black & Tan”) | 失格 (“black and tan”) |
| 反向虎斑 | 失格 (“brindle”) | 符合标准 (“Brindle”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“Black Brindle”) | 失格 (“brindle”) |
| 双陨石 | 失格 | No ruling | No ruling | No ruling | 失格 |
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| Color or pattern | FCI | AKC | UKC | KC | KUSA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 黑色 | 符合标准 (“black”) | 符合标准 (“Black”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“black”) | 符合标准 (“black”) |
| 灰色 | 符合标准 (“blackish grey, slate grey, dark grey”) | 符合标准 (“Gray”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“grey in any shade”) | 符合标准 (“blackish grey, slate grey, dark grey”) |
| 石板灰 | 符合标准 (“slate grey”) | 符合标准 (“Slate”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“grey in any shade”) | 符合标准 (“slate grey”) |
| 肝色 | 符合标准 (“liver”) | 符合标准 (“Liver”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“liver”) | 符合标准 (“liver”) |
| 古铜色 | 符合标准 (“bronze”) | 符合标准 (“Bronze”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“bronze”) | 符合标准 (“bronze”) |
| 红色 | 符合标准 (“reddish”) | 符合标准 (“Red”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“red”) | 符合标准 (“reddish”) |
| 奶油色 | 符合标准 (“blond”) | No ruling | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“blonde”) | 符合标准 (“blonde”) |
| Patterns | |||||
| 纯色 | 符合标准 (“Solid, uniform, dark coloured skin is preferred”) | 符合标准 (“A dark, uniform color is preferred”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“Solid, uniform and dark colours are preferable”) | 符合标准 (“Solid, uniform, dark-coloured skin is preferred”) |
| 斑点 | 符合标准 (“There may also be spots of any colour, including white markings”) | 符合标准 (“white spots and markings are permitted”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“There may also be spots of any colour, including white markings”) | 符合标准 (“There may also be spots of any colour, including white markings”) |
| Color or pattern | FCI | AKC | UKC | KC | KUSA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 黑色 | 符合标准 (“black, brown, hazel, amber or yellow tones”) | 符合标准 (“The color varies from yellow to black”) | No ruling | 符合标准 (“black, brown, hazel, amber or yellow tones”) | 符合标准 (“black, brown, hazel, amber, or yellow tones”) |
| 棕色 | 符合标准 (“black, brown, hazel, amber or yellow tones”) | No ruling | No ruling | 符合标准 (“black, brown, hazel, amber or yellow tones”) | 符合标准 (“black, brown, hazel, amber, or yellow tones”) |
| 深棕色 | No ruling | No ruling | 符合标准 (“ranges from yellow to a very dark brown”) | No ruling | No ruling |
| 榛色 | 符合标准 (“black, brown, hazel, amber or yellow tones”) | No ruling | No ruling | 符合标准 (“black, brown, hazel, amber or yellow tones”) | 符合标准 (“black, brown, hazel, amber, or yellow tones”) |
| 琥珀色 | 符合标准 (“black, brown, hazel, amber or yellow tones”) | No ruling | No ruling | 符合标准 (“black, brown, hazel, amber or yellow tones”) | 符合标准 (“black, brown, hazel, amber, or yellow tones”) |
| 黄色 | 符合标准 (“black, brown, hazel, amber or yellow tones”) | 符合标准 (“The color varies from yellow to black”) | 符合标准 (“ranges from yellow to a very dark brown”) | 符合标准 (“black, brown, hazel, amber or yellow tones”) | 符合标准 (“black, brown, hazel, amber, or yellow tones”) |
| 浅棕色 | 缺点 (“Light coloured ... eyes”) | No ruling | No ruling | No ruling | 缺点 (“Light-coloured ... eyes”) |
| 蓝色 | 失格 (“Blue eyes”) | No ruling | 失格 (“Blue eyes or flecks of blue in the eyes”) | 未获认可 (“Blue or wall eyes unacceptable”) | 失格 (“Blue eyes”) |
| Patterns | |||||
| 异瞳 | 失格 (“different coloured eyes (Heterocromia)”) | 未获认可 (“Both eyes must be of the same color”) | 未获认可 (“Both eyes are to be of the same color”) | No ruling | 失格 (“different-coloured eyes (Heterocromia)”) |
| 扇形异瞳 | No ruling | No ruling | 失格 (“flecks of blue in the eyes”) | No ruling | No ruling |
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| Color or pattern | FCI | UKC | KUSA |
|---|---|---|---|
| 肝色 | 符合标准 (“It can be brown or pinkish in bronze-coloured dogs”) | 符合标准 (“brown or pink in bronze and blond dogs”) | 符合标准 (“It can be brown or pinkish in bronze-coloured dogs”) |
| 粉色 | 符合标准 (“It can be brown or pinkish in bronze-coloured dogs”) | 符合标准 (“brown or pink in bronze and blond dogs”) | 符合标准 (“It can be brown or pinkish in bronze-coloured dogs”) |
| Patterns | |||
| 蝴蝶鼻 | 符合标准 (“spotted in spotted dogs”) | 符合标准 (“spotted as the rest of the body only in spotted dogs”) | 符合标准 (“spotted in spotted dogs”) |
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无毛
| Color or pattern | FCI | AKC | UKC | KC | KUSA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 黑色 | 符合标准 (“black”) | 符合标准 (“Black”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“black”) | 符合标准 (“black”) |
| 灰色 | 符合标准 (“blackish grey, slate grey, dark grey”) | 符合标准 (“Gray”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“grey in any shade”) | 符合标准 (“blackish grey, slate grey, dark grey”) |
| 石板灰 | 符合标准 (“slate grey”) | 符合标准 (“Slate”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“grey in any shade”) | 符合标准 (“slate grey”) |
| 肝色 | 符合标准 (“liver”) | 符合标准 (“Liver”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“liver”) | 符合标准 (“liver”) |
| 古铜色 | 符合标准 (“bronze”) | 符合标准 (“Bronze”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“bronze”) | 符合标准 (“bronze”) |
| 红色 | 符合标准 (“reddish”) | 符合标准 (“Red”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“red”) | 符合标准 (“reddish”) |
| 奶油色 | 符合标准 (“blond”) | No ruling | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“blonde”) | 符合标准 (“blonde”) |
| Patterns | |||||
| 纯色 | 符合标准 (“Solid, uniform, dark coloured skin is preferred”) | 符合标准 (“A dark, uniform color is preferred”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“Solid, uniform and dark colours are preferable”) | 符合标准 (“Solid, uniform, dark-coloured skin is preferred”) |
| 斑点 | 符合标准 (“There may also be spots of any colour, including white markings”) | 符合标准 (“white spots and markings are permitted”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“There may also be spots of any colour, including white markings”) | 符合标准 (“There may also be spots of any colour, including white markings”) |
有被毛
| Color or pattern | FCI | AKC | UKC | KC | KUSA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 黑色 | 符合标准 (“black”) | 符合标准 (“Black”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“black”) | 符合标准 (“black”) |
| 白色 | 符合标准 (“spots of any colour, including white markings (white: disqualifying)”) | 符合标准 (“white spots and markings are permitted”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“spots of any colour, including white markings”) | 符合标准 (“spots of any colour, including white markings (white: disqualifying)”) |
| 灰色 | 符合标准 (“blackish grey, slate grey, dark grey”) | 符合标准 (“Gray”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“grey in any shade”) | 符合标准 (“blackish grey, slate grey, dark grey”) |
| 蓝色 | 失格 | No ruling | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“Blue”) | 失格 |
| 丁香色 | 失格 | No ruling | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“Lilac”) | 失格 |
| 石板灰 | 符合标准 (“slate grey”) | 符合标准 (“Slate”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“grey in any shade”) | 符合标准 (“slate grey”) |
| 肝色 | 符合标准 (“liver”) | 符合标准 (“Liver”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“liver”) | 符合标准 (“liver”) |
| 黄褐色 | 失格 (“black and tan”) | 符合标准 (“Tan Markings”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“Black & Tan”) | 失格 (“black and tan”) |
| 红色 | 符合标准 (“reddish”) | 符合标准 (“Red”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“red”) | 符合标准 (“reddish”) |
| 铜色 | 失格 | No ruling | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“Copper”) | 失格 |
| 黄色 | 失格 | No ruling | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“White & Yellow”) | 失格 |
| 帕洛米诺 | 失格 | 符合标准 (“Palomino”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | No ruling | 失格 |
| 奶油色 | 符合标准 (“blond”) | No ruling | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“blonde”) | 符合标准 (“blonde”) |
| 小鹿色 | 失格 | 符合标准 (“Fawn”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“Fawn”) | 失格 |
| 伊莎贝拉色 | 失格 | No ruling | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“Isabella”) | 失格 |
| 白化 | 失格 (“Albinism”) | No ruling | 失格 (“Albinism”) | No ruling | 失格 (“Albinism”) |
| Patterns | |||||
| 纯色 | 符合标准 (“Solid, uniform, dark colours are preferred”) | 符合标准 (“A dark, uniform color is preferred”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“Solid, uniform and dark colours are preferable”) | 符合标准 (“Solid, uniform, dark-coloured skin is preferred”) |
| 双色 | 符合标准 (“spots of any colour, including white markings”) | 替代 (“Black & White”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“Black & White”) | 符合标准 (“spots of any colour, including white markings”) |
| 三色 | 失格 | 替代 (“Black White & Tan”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“Tricolour”) | 失格 |
| 虎纹 | 失格 (“brindle”) | 符合标准 (“Brindle”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“Black Brindle”) | 失格 (“brindle”) |
| 陨石色 | 失格 (“Merle colour”) | 替代 (“Merle”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 未获认可 (“Merle unacceptable”) | 失格 (“Merle colour”) |
| 貂色 | 失格 (“sable”) | 符合标准 (“Sable”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“Sable”) | 失格 (“sable”) |
| 斑点 | 符合标准 (“There may also be spots of any colour”) | 符合标准 (“Spotted”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“There may also be spots of any colour”) | 符合标准 (“There may also be spots of any colour”) |
| 黄褐重点 | 失格 (“black and tan”) | 符合标准 (“Tan Markings”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“Black & Tan”) | 失格 (“black and tan”) |
| 反向虎斑 | 失格 (“brindle”) | 符合标准 (“Brindle”) | 符合标准 (“Any color combination is allowed”) | 符合标准 (“Black Brindle”) | 失格 (“brindle”) |
| 双陨石 | 失格 | No ruling | No ruling | No ruling | 失格 |
What the rulings mean
- 符合标准
- Described by the club's breed standard.
- 替代
- Registrable with the club but not described by its breed standard, such as an AKC alternate color.
- 缺点
- Named by the club's breed standard as a fault: the animal can be shown but is penalized.
- 失格
- The club's breed standard disqualifies an animal of this color or pattern.
- 未获认可
- The club does not accept this color or pattern for the breed.
Color changes
How a 墨西哥无毛犬's colors can change over its life.
黑色changes to锈色
被毛 · 随身体状况 · can change back
黑色changes to灰色
被毛 · 渐进
黑色changes to棕色
被毛 · 日晒 · can change back
白色changes to沙毛
被毛 · 随年龄 · from 2 weeks
黄褐重点changes to马鞍背
被毛 · 随年龄 · from 6 to 156 weeks
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Sources
Each ruling comes from the club's published breed standard or color list.
认识墨西哥无毛犬
墨西哥无毛犬(Xolo)是源自墨西哥的古老无毛犬种,体型中等,性情沉稳忠诚,警觉但不多吠。
墨西哥无毛犬(Xoloitzcuintli,读作sho-lo-eats-KWEENT-lee,新加坡爱狗人士多直接叫它Xolo)是美洲最古老的犬种之一,原产自墨西哥,与当地人共同生活了数千年。这个品种有两种毛型:一种是皮肤光滑坚韧的无毛型,另一种则披着短而贴身的短毛。
Xolo体型中等,性情沉稳平和。它们对家人非常忠心,会跟朝夕相处的主人建立紧密感情。它们警觉,家里有什么风吹草动都逃不过它们的眼睛,但不会没事乱吠,这点对住组屋、怕吵到邻居的家庭来说是加分。面对陌生人,它们通常选择保持距离观察,而不是张牙舞爪。
这个品种其实分玩具型、迷你型和标准型三种体型,不过中型犬最为常见。饲主看重的,是Xolo的忠诚、在室内安静的性格,以及相对长寿的特点。
| 特征 | 详情 |
|---|---|
| 原产地 | 墨西哥 |
| 体型 | 中型 |
| 寿命 | 13至18岁 |
| 犬种分类 | 伴侣犬兼看门犬 |
| 相处对象 | 家庭成员;若及早进行社会化,也能与孩童和其他宠物相处融洽 |
适合什么样的饲主
如果你想养一只性情沉稳、忠心耿耿的伴侣犬,又能持续为它进行社会化训练并安排每日运动,Xolo会是不错的选择。无毛型需要额外的皮肤护理,也要做好防晒和保暖措施,所以比较适合愿意花心思照顾这些需求的家庭。至于组屋住户,由于建屋发展局对犬只体型和品种有相关规定,加上所有犬只都须向国家公园局兽医局(AVS)申领执照,养狗前最好先查清楚相关条例。Xolo警觉但不爱吠的性格,也很适合想要一只机警看门犬、又不想惹邻居抱怨的家庭。
起源与历史
墨西哥无毛犬是原产于墨西哥的本土犬种,历史可追溯数千年,与阿兹特克及更早的中美洲文明关系密切。
Xolo是美洲历史最悠久的犬种之一。考古学家在古墨西哥出土的遗骸与陶器上,都能看到与这个品种相符的无毛犬形象,一般相信这个品种已经存在了数千年。
它的名字源自阿兹特克人的纳瓦特语,由Xolotl(阿兹特克神话中掌管冥界的神祇之名)和itzcuintli(意即狗)组合而成。在阿兹特克信仰里,这种狗被认为能引导亡魂,在宗教仪式和日常生活中都占有一席之地。
数百年来,这个品种遍布墨西哥中部和南部。到了二十世纪,由于数量锐减,一度濒临绝种。二十世纪中期,墨西哥展开抢救行动,找出仅存的Xolo,并透过繁殖计划让族群数量回升,这才保住了这个品种的未来。
后来,Xolo被正式定为墨西哥的国犬,也陆续获得主要犬业注册机构的认可。如今,它依然与墨西哥的文化身份紧密相连,不仅在原产地受到喜爱,也被带到世界各地饲养,包括新加坡在内的爱狗家庭。
外貌与品种标准
墨西哥无毛犬体态精瘦匀称,分无毛与短毛两种毛型,肤色或毛色偏深,眼神机警。
Xolo体态精瘦结实,身形略长于肩高,肌肉线条明显却不显笨重,整体给人一种沉稳有力又协调的印象。头部呈楔形,耳朵大而直立,眼神透着若有所思的机警。
最广为人知的是无毛型,皮肤光滑坚韧,头顶、脚掌和尾尖偶尔会长出几根粗毛。短毛型则全身披着贴身的短毛。这两种毛型可能出现在同一窝幼犬当中。
| 特征 | 标准 |
|---|---|
| 肩高 | 约36至45厘米(中型) |
| 体重 | 约7至14公斤(中型) |
| 被毛 | 无毛,皮肤光滑;或短而贴身的短毛 |
| 毛色 | 深灰、黑、灰、古铜、肝色及红棕等色调 |
| 眼睛 | 杏仁形,颜色由琥珀色到深棕色不等 |
毛色与皮肤
无毛型Xolo的皮肤大多呈深色、色调均匀,不过偶尔也会出现较浅的肤色或斑点。皮肤摸起来结实且带有温度。短毛型则以同样的色系呈现在贴身短毛上。两种毛型都以深色、颜色均一的居多,古铜色和红棕色算是比较浅的选择。
性情与个性
墨西哥无毛犬性情沉稳忠诚、警觉机敏,对家人黏,对陌生人则保持距离。
Xolo是一种沉稳且忠心的狗。它会与家人建立紧密感情,通常会特别黏一两个人。在室内,它大多安静沉稳,喜欢待在信任的人身边休息。
面对陌生人,Xolo比较内敛谨慎,不会主动亲近,这让它成为不错的警戒犬,因为它会留意到访客或环境的变化。及早并持续进行社会化训练,能帮助它保持自信,避免这种谨慎演变成胆怯。
与孩童相处方面,只要从小一起长大、互动时有大人在旁看顾(尤其是年纪较小的孩子),Xolo通常能相处融洽。与其他宠物同住,及早介绍一般也能适应良好,不过因为它警觉性高,引见过程还是要妥善安排。这个品种对家庭氛围相当敏感,在稳定规律的家中表现最好。
| 特质 | 评分 |
|---|---|
| 亲人程度 | 5 |
| 精力 | 3 |
| 可训练度 | 4 |
| 爱吠程度 | 2 |
| 掉毛量 | 1 |
日常照顾与美容护理
墨西哥无毛犬需要皮肤或被毛护理、每日运动,以及防晒防寒措施,无毛型尤其需要留意。
美容护理
- 无毛型:定期擦拭清洁皮肤,视需要洗澡以保持毛孔畅通,再依兽医建议为皮肤保湿
- 外出前涂上宠物专用防晒霜,保护裸露的皮肤
- 短毛型:偶尔为短毛梳理,去除脱落的毛发
- 定期修剪指甲,检查耳朵是否有耳垢堆积
- 每周刷牙数次,维持口腔健康
运动量
- 每天安排一至两次散步,加上一些活跃玩耍时间
- 让它在安全的空间或院子里自由活动、探索
- 安排简单训练或嗅闻游戏,提供脑力刺激
- 无毛犬应避开一天中最热或最凉的时段进行剧烈运动
生活环境
Xolo很适应住家生活,组屋或公寓都没问题,只要每天有足够的运动量。无毛型对温度比较敏感:新加坡日头猛烈,户外活动要注意遮荫和防晒;室内长时间开冷气的话,也该为它准备毯子或狗衣保暖。它在室内偏好温暖舒适的休息角落。
饮食与喂养
墨西哥无毛犬适合喂食营养均衡的完整犬粮,依体型与活动量调整分量,并按每日定时定量喂食。
Xolo适合吃针对其生命阶段和体型配方的完整均衡犬粮。优质犬粮提供充足蛋白质,有助于维持它精瘦结实的体态。这个品种容易吃胖,所以分量控制很重要,零食也要计入每日摄取总量。
新鲜饮水要随时备好。实际喂食量因狗狗体重、年龄和活动量而异,下表数据仅供参考,饲主可依爱犬的体态自行调整,维持健康体重。
| 生命阶段 | 每日分量 | 餐数 |
|---|---|---|
| 幼犬(2至6个月) | 依犬粮包装说明,分次喂食 | 3至4餐 |
| 青少年犬(6至12个月) | 依犬粮包装说明,分次喂食 | 2至3餐 |
| 成犬 | 约1至1.5杯优质干粮 | 2餐 |
| 年长犬 | 依活动量酌量减少 | 2餐 |
零食与营养补充品
零食适量就好,建议控制在每日总热量的十巴仙左右。大部分吃完整商业犬粮的Xolo其实不需要额外补充品。如果考虑添加关节或皮肤保健品,先跟兽医商量,因为无毛犬的皮肤状况可能需要特别照顾。
健康与寿命
墨西哥无毛犬体质普遍强健、寿命长,一般能活13至18岁,皮肤和牙齿护理是主要照护重点。
Xolo普遍被认为体质强健。许多Xolo都相当长寿,一般寿命在13至18岁之间。无毛型有特殊的皮肤照护需求,这个品种也常见牙齿数量不全的情况,也就是有些牙齿天生缺失,无毛型尤其明显。
负责任的繁殖和定期兽医检查,有助维持品种的整体健康。跟养任何狗一样,定期健康检查能及早发现问题。
| 状况 | 症状 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|
| 皮肤刺激(无毛型) | 泛红、干燥、类似粉刺的小疙瘩 | 与皮肤外露有关;透过护理流程和防晒可控制 |
| 牙齿问题 | 缺牙、牙垢堆积 | 无毛犬牙齿数量往往较少;须定期刷牙 |
| 晒伤 | 晒后皮肤发红或疼痛 | 使用宠物专用防晒霜并提供遮荫 |
| 关节问题 | 僵硬、不愿走动 | 维持健康体重可减轻关节负担 |
预防保健
- 按时接种疫苗、做好驱虫防护
- 每年安排兽医体检,年长犬应更频密
- 依毛型做好皮肤或牙齿护理
- 透过定量喂食和每日运动控制体重
- 避免让狗狗长时间处于极端高温或低温环境
训练方法
墨西哥无毛犬聪明且容易训练,最适合温和一致、以奖励为主的训练方式,并及早进行社会化。
Xolo聪明,学习能力强。它对主人的语气很敏感,耐心一致的训练方式效果最好。太严厉的训练手法容易让Xolo退缩,温和稳定的态度反而更管用。
及早社会化很重要。趁幼犬阶段,让它接触各种人、地方和其他动物,有助它长成自信的成犬,也能缓和它对陌生人天生的戒心。全家人训练标准一致,能让狗狗清楚知道该怎么做。
训练基础
- 从幼犬阶段就开始温和多元的社会化体验
- 先教会认名字和基本回归指令
- 逐步建立坐下、等等、过来等核心指令
- 训练时间要短而正面,才能维持它的专注力
- 练习冷静打招呼,管理它对陌生人的戒心
- 强化居家规矩,以及笼内或安顿指令
繁殖须知
繁殖墨西哥无毛犬须留意无毛基因的遗传特性,两只无毛犬配对会直接影响幼犬存活率。
繁殖Xolo需要对品种遗传有一定认识。无毛性状属于显性基因,若幼犬同时遗传到两个无毛基因拷贝,便无法存活。因此,负责任的配种通常会让同一窝幼犬同时出现无毛和短毛个体。短毛犬在这个品种里扮演重要角色,也是负责任繁殖计划中不可或缺的一环。
配种前,种犬须发育完全成熟,双亲都应完成健康检查,性情也要稳定。母犬通常在生理发育成熟后才适合配种。犬只怀孕期约63天。刚出生的幼犬完全依赖母犬提供保暖和喂食,无毛型幼犬对寒冷特别敏感,所以产房必须保持温暖,若家里长时间开冷气,更要特别留意室温。幼犬会逐步断奶,及早接触人和外界有助日后的社会化。
| 项目 | 数值 |
|---|---|
| 性成熟年龄 | 约1至2岁 |
| 怀孕期 | 约63天 |
| 平均产仔数 | 约3至7只 |
| 断奶年龄 | 约6至8周 |
| 无毛基因遗传 | 两个无毛基因拷贝无法存活;短毛幼犬会出现在同一窝中 |
为你的墨西哥无毛犬办理登记，芯片也一并登记
AVS执照解决法定要求；United Pet Club的免费档案让你的墨西哥无毛犬在全球都查得到，终身不收费。
在新加坡登记墨西哥无毛犬的步骤
在新加坡养狗，先要过动物与兽医事务组（AVS）这一关：狗狗必须领取执照并植入芯片，这是法定要求，你的墨西哥无毛犬也不例外。执照解决了本地的问题，却管不到国界以外。United Pet Club的免费档案把你的联系方式与狗狗长期绑定，扫描无论发生在本地诊所还是国外，结果都是一通找到你的电话。登记你的狗狗。
墨西哥无毛犬的芯片在三个月大之前就该植入了，这是规定；号码通向哪里，却看登记。让它通向你的手机：United Pet Club终身免费，任何品牌都收，资料变更不收钱。芯片登记加免费账户，一次办妥。
在新加坡怎么登记我的墨西哥无毛犬？
在United Pet Club建立免费账户，键入墨西哥无毛犬的资料和照片，保存档案。档案终身免费，AVS的执照要求另行办理，两者并行。
如何为我的墨西哥无毛犬登记芯片？
把15位芯片号码连同地址和手机号键入免费账户。终身计划不限芯片品牌，更新资料永远免费。
在新加坡墨西哥无毛犬必须植入芯片吗？
必须。AVS规定狗狗须在三个月大前领取执照并植入芯片。执照满足法规，United Pet Club的档案额外确保号码在境外也查得到，免费。
在新加坡登记墨西哥无毛犬需要什么费用？
免费。终身免费计划涵盖档案、芯片登记和之后所有更新，没有年费。
常见问题
关于墨西哥无毛犬的常见问题,涵盖体型、性情、照顾需求、寿命、适养对象及购犬途径。
墨西哥无毛犬(Xolo)体型有多大?
这个品种分玩具型、迷你型和标准型。最常见的中型犬,肩高约36至45厘米,体重约7至14公斤。
Xolo性格好吗?
Xolo性情沉稳、忠心、黏主人。它们跟家人感情深厚,在室内很安静,面对陌生人则比较警觉和内敛。
墨西哥无毛犬好养吗?
照顾难度中等。主要需求是无毛型的皮肤护理和保养、每日运动,以及基本的社会化训练。短毛型只需偶尔梳毛。
墨西哥无毛犬能活多久?
这是长寿犬种,只要照顾得当,一般能活13至18岁。
Xolo适合养来陪孩子吗?
适合,前提是从小一起长大并及早社会化。它对家人忠诚温和,只要引见和互动有大人看顾,通常能跟孩童和其他宠物相处融洽。
墨西哥无毛犬需要常常美容吗?
无毛型需要清洁皮肤、依建议保湿和防晒,而不是梳毛。短毛型只需偶尔梳理,两种毛型掉毛量都很少。
在新加坡容易找到墨西哥无毛犬吗?
这个品种比较少见,通常得联系负责任的繁殖者或品种专属的领养机构,有时还需要排候补名单。
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