Feline viral rhinotracheitis is caused by feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) and is a leading cause of upper respiratory and ocular disease in cats. It spreads readily in shelters, catteries, and multi-cat homes. Like other herpesviruses it establishes lifelong latency, with recurrent flare-ups during stress. Eye involvement, including corneal ulcers, is a hallmark.
FHV-1 is one of the main agents of feline upper respiratory disease, often grouped colloquially with calicivirus as 'cat flu'. Infection persists for life with periodic recurrences.
The virus spreads through direct contact, sneezed droplets, and shared bowls or bedding. Stress, such as boarding or a new cat, can reactivate latent virus and cause shedding.
Typical signs include sneezing, nasal and eye discharge, conjunctivitis, fever, and reduced appetite. Corneal ulcers and chronic rhinitis can develop, and kittens may be severely affected.
Diagnosis is often clinical; PCR on conjunctival or oropharyngeal swabs can confirm the virus when needed.
Care is largely supportive: hydration, nutrition, cleaning discharge, and treating secondary bacterial infection. Antiviral eye drops or oral antivirals and L-lysine may help severe or ocular cases.
Core vaccination reduces severity, and reducing stress and crowding limits flare-ups and spread. Isolating sick cats protects others.
This content is for educational purposes and is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice. If you are worried about your pet, contact your veterinarian.
