Drôtosrstý foxteriér

The Wire Fox Terrier is a small working terrier developed in England to bolt foxes from their dens during the hunt. It stands about 15.5 inches at the shoulder and weighs roughly 15 to 18 pounds, with a hard, dense, wiry coat that is mostly white marked with black and tan.

The breed is alert, quick, and self-assured. It was built for stamina and courage underground, and that drive carries into daily life as a high level of energy and curiosity. A Wire Fox Terrier kept as a pet needs real exercise and mental work, not just a short walk.

Its traits are commonly described as spirited, intelligent, energetic, alert, and confident. The breed has a long record in conformation showing and is one of the more successful terriers in the ring, which has kept its appearance and coat consistent over generations.

Who it suits

This breed fits owners who want an engaged, lively dog and can commit to daily exercise and consistent training. Its terrier prey drive means it may chase cats, rabbits, and rodents, so households with small animals need management. First-time owners can do well with one if they are ready for a confident dog that benefits from clear structure.

The Wire Fox Terrier comes from England, where terriers were used in fox hunting to enter dens and drive the fox back out for the hounds. The wire-coated type is generally traced to rough-coated black-and-tan working terriers of the coal-mining districts in northern England and Wales.

Through the 1800s the Smooth and Wire Fox Terriers were treated as two coat varieties of one breed and were often crossed. Breeders later worked to fix the wire coat and the predominantly white body, the white color helping hunters tell the dog from the fox in the field.

The two coat types were eventually separated into distinct breeds, with England's Kennel Club and later the American Kennel Club recognizing them. The Wire Fox Terrier became a strong presence in the show ring and has won top awards at major conformation events.

As organized fox hunting declined, the breed shifted from a primarily working role to that of a companion and show dog. Its working instincts, including a strong urge to dig and chase, remain present in the modern dog.

The Wire Fox Terrier has a short-backed, square outline, standing as tall as it is long from shoulder to base of tail. The head is long and wedge-shaped with a flat skull, small V-shaped folded ears, and dark, deep-set eyes. The overall impression is of an alert, balanced dog on its toes.

Coat and colors

The coat is the defining feature: a dense, wiry, broken outer layer with a finer undercoat beneath. The texture should feel hard and crinkly rather than soft. White is the base color and should predominate, with black, tan, or black-and-tan markings most often on the head and at the base of the tail. All-white and black-and-white dogs occur. To keep the correct texture and color, show dogs are hand-stripped rather than clipped, since clipping softens and fades the coat.

The Wire Fox Terrier is a high-spirited, confident dog that stays busy. With its family it is affectionate, playful, and attentive, and it enjoys being part of household activity. It tends to be alert and quick to bark, which makes it a capable watchdog, though it is not a guard dog.

With strangers the breed is usually friendly but watchful, and it warms up at its own pace. Its strong prey drive means cats, rodents, and other small pets can trigger chasing, so introductions need care and small caged animals should be kept separate. With other dogs it can be assertive, and some individuals are scrappy with dogs of the same sex.

This is an intelligent breed with an independent streak. It learns fast but can be willful and easily bored, so it does best with engaged owners who provide structure, exercise, and games that give the dog a job.

The wiry coat needs routine upkeep, and the breed's energy needs a daily outlet. Care is moderate in effort but consistent.

Grooming

• Brush the coat once or twice a week to remove loose hair and prevent matting.
• Hand-strip the coat every few months to keep the hard texture and clear color (pet dogs are sometimes clipped, which softens and lightens the coat).
• Trim nails every few weeks and check the folded ears regularly for wax and debris.
• Brush teeth several times a week and bathe only as needed, since frequent bathing softens the coat.

Exercise

• Provide at least 45 to 60 minutes of vigorous activity daily, split across walks and play.
• Add games that use the nose and mind, such as scent searches, fetch, and earthdog-style digging in a permitted spot.
• Keep the dog leashed or in a fenced area, since the prey drive overrides recall when something runs.

Environment

The Wire Fox Terrier adapts to apartments or houses as long as it gets daily exercise. A securely fenced yard is ideal, and fences should be checked at the base because the breed digs. Without enough activity it can become noisy and destructive.

Feed a complete and balanced food suitable for the dog's life stage and small body size. Because the breed is active, it uses energy readily, but portions should still be measured since small dogs gain weight quickly. Match the amount to age, activity, and body condition rather than the maximum on the bag.

Treats and supplements

Keep treats to about 10 percent of daily calories, and use small pieces during training so the count stays low. Most dogs on a complete diet need no supplements; ask a veterinarian before adding any. Provide fresh water at all times.

The Wire Fox Terrier is a sturdy breed and usually lives 12 to 15 years. Responsible breeders screen for known inherited conditions, and routine veterinary care supports a long life. As a small, active dog it stays fit well into older age when kept at a healthy weight.

Preventive care

• Keep core vaccinations and parasite prevention current.
• Have eyes checked, especially given the breed's risk of lens luxation.
• Maintain dental care to limit tartar and gum disease.
• Keep the dog at a lean weight and provide steady exercise.
• Schedule annual veterinary exams, moving to twice yearly for seniors.

The Wire Fox Terrier learns quickly but has its own ideas, a legacy of working alone underground. It can lose interest in drills, so keep sessions short, varied, and positive. Strong recall is hard to guarantee because prey drive takes over near small running animals, so off-leash freedom should be limited to safe, enclosed areas. Early, ongoing socialization with people, dogs, and everyday situations helps the dog stay confident rather than reactive.

Basics

1. Start socialization and gentle handling in puppyhood.
2. Teach name response and a reliable sit and down.
3. Build a recall indoors and in a fenced space, with high-value rewards.
4. Work on loose-leash walking, since the breed pulls toward scents.
5. Add an outlet such as nose work, trick training, or earthdog games to channel drive.
6. Keep practice short and frequent rather than long and repetitive.

Wire Fox Terriers reach physical and behavioral maturity between about one and two years of age. Responsible breeding pairs dogs only after health screening, including eye testing for lens luxation, hearing checks, and patella evaluation, and after confirming sound temperament. Gestation runs roughly 63 days, and litters typically number three to six puppies.

The dam usually raises the litter with little intervention, though the breeder monitors weight gain and health from birth. Puppies are weaned by about seven to eight weeks. Early handling and exposure to sights, sounds, and gentle social experiences are important for this alert breed, since well-socialized pups grow into more settled adults. Breeding should be left to experienced, ethical breeders who place the health of the dogs first.

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