Scottish Deerhound

The Scottish Deerhound is one of the tallest dog breeds, a sighthound developed in Scotland to chase and bring down red deer across open moorland. Males commonly stand 30 to 32 inches at the shoulder and weigh 85 to 110 pounds, which places the breed firmly in the giant category. Despite that scale, the Deerhound moves with the light, springy gait typical of coursing hounds.

The coat is harsh and wiry, usually 3 to 4 inches long, in shades of gray, brindle, and fawn. The overall impression is of a larger, rough-coated Greyhound. The temperament is gentle and dignified. Deerhounds are affectionate with their own people, calm and quiet in the house, and reserved rather than aggressive with strangers.

This is a breed of two speeds. Given a daily gallop in a safe space, an adult Deerhound spends most of the day resting and is content to lie near its owner. The strong prey drive that made it an effective hunter remains, so small running animals can trigger a chase.

Who it suits

The Deerhound suits an owner who can provide daily off-lead or long-line exercise in a securely fenced area, plus space indoors for a large dog to stretch out. It tends to be quiet and low-maintenance at home but needs companionship and does poorly when left alone for long periods. Households with very small pets should account for the breed's prey drive.

Large rough-coated coursing hounds have existed in the British Isles for many centuries. In the Scottish Highlands these dogs were specialized for hunting red deer, the largest native land mammal there, across rough and open country where speed and stamina mattered more than scent.

The breed became closely tied to the Highland clan system and to Scottish nobility. By tradition ownership of Deerhounds was restricted to those of high rank, and the dogs were valued gifts among the aristocracy. This association limited their numbers and tied the breed's fortunes to the families that kept them.

The decline of the clan system after the 18th century, together with changes in hunting and land use, reduced the population sharply. By the early 19th century the breed was close to disappearing. A deliberate effort to restore it is generally credited to the brothers Archibald and Duncan McNeill, who worked from the 1820s onward to rebuild type and numbers.

The breed was established in formal dog shows during the later 19th century, and breed standards followed as kennel clubs organized. The Scottish Deerhound has remained relatively uncommon, kept by enthusiasts who value its history as a working coursing hound and its quiet temperament as a companion.

The Scottish Deerhound has the deep chest, tucked loin, and arched back of a coursing hound, carried on a tall, lean frame. The head is long with a tapering muzzle, and the small ears fold back against the neck in repose, lifting partly when the dog is alert. The whole outline suggests speed combined with the substance needed to hold a deer.

Coat and colors

The outer coat is crisp to the touch and weather resistant, with a slight beard and eyebrows that give the face its characteristic look. Dark blue-gray is often preferred, but gray, brindle, fawn, and sandy red all occur. A small amount of white on the chest and toes is tolerated by most standards, though large white patches are not desirable. The coat needs no clipping and keeps its rough texture through regular hand grooming.

The Scottish Deerhound is known for a quiet, dignified temperament. At home it is calm and undemanding, content to rest near its family for much of the day. The breed forms strong attachments to its people and is gentle and patient, which makes it a good companion for households with older children who understand how to behave around a very large dog.

With strangers the Deerhound is typically polite and reserved rather than suspicious. It is a poor guard dog by disposition, as aggression toward people is not part of the breed's character. With other dogs it is usually sociable, particularly with dogs it has grown up alongside.

The one consistent caution is prey drive. As a coursing hound the Deerhound is wired to chase fast-moving animals, and cats or small dogs outdoors can trigger pursuit. Early socialization with household pets helps, but a securely fenced area and a long line in open spaces are sensible precautions. Deerhounds dislike being left alone for long stretches and can become unhappy without company.

Grooming

• Brush the coat once or twice a week to remove dead hair and prevent mats.
• Hand-strip or pluck dead coat a few times a year to keep the wiry texture; avoid clipping, which softens the coat.
• Check the beard and clean it after meals, as food and water collect there.
• Trim nails every few weeks and check ears and teeth on the same schedule.

Exercise

• Provide at least one daily chance to run at full speed in a securely fenced area.
• Add a long daily walk on lead for steady exercise and mental change.
• Use a long line in open, unfenced spaces because of the breed's prey drive.
• Limit hard, repetitive exercise in growing puppies to protect developing joints.

Environment

The Deerhound adapts well to home life and is usually quiet indoors, but it needs floor space to stretch out and a soft bed to cushion its large frame and protect against pressure sores. It tolerates cold reasonably well thanks to its coat but should not live outdoors away from its family. A house with a large, securely fenced garden is the ideal setting.

A Scottish Deerhound does well on a complete, balanced diet suited to large and giant breeds. Because the dog is tall and lean by nature, the goal is a fit body condition where the last ribs can be felt easily and a waist is visible from above. Overfeeding adds weight that strains the heart and joints of a giant dog. Puppies grow over a long period, often well past a year, and benefit from a large-breed growth formula that supports steady rather than rapid development.

Treats and supplements

Keep treats to no more than about 10 percent of daily calories and account for them in the overall ration. Fresh water should always be available, especially after exercise. Most Deerhounds on a complete commercial diet need no supplements; any joint or other supplement should be discussed with a veterinarian, particularly for growing puppies where over-supplementation can do harm.

The Scottish Deerhound is generally hardy for a giant breed, but its size brings a shorter average lifespan of about 8 to 11 years and a set of health concerns common to large, deep-chested dogs. Responsible breeders screen breeding stock for heart and bone conditions, and owners can do a great deal through diet, sensible exercise, and prompt veterinary attention.

Preventive care

• Keep core vaccinations and parasite control up to date.
• Maintain a lean body condition to spare the heart and joints.
• Feed measured meals and limit activity around eating to reduce bloat risk.
• Schedule regular veterinary checks, including heart screening as advised.
• Watch for any new lameness or swelling and have it examined promptly.

The Scottish Deerhound is intelligent but carries the independent streak common to sighthounds. It was bred to work at distance and make its own decisions during a chase, so it does not have the eager-to-please drive of some working breeds. Training works best when it is short, calm, and consistent. Harsh corrections damage the breed's sensitive nature and tend to slow progress rather than speed it. Recall is the hardest skill to proof, because a Deerhound in pursuit of moving prey may ignore commands entirely; for that reason secure fencing and a long line remain important throughout the dog's life.

Basics

1. Begin socialization early, exposing the puppy to people, places, sounds, and other animals.
2. Teach a reliable name response and a sit using small food rewards.
3. Build loose-lead walking before the puppy grows to full size and strength.
4. Practise recall in a fenced area first, rewarding heavily every time the dog returns.
5. Introduce calm settle and crate routines so the dog rests quietly indoors.

Breeding Scottish Deerhounds is a responsibility best left to experienced breeders who screen for the heart and bone conditions seen in the breed. Dogs should be physically and mentally mature before breeding, which for a giant breed means waiting beyond the first season or two. Health-tested parents, careful matching, and a willingness to support puppy buyers for the life of the dog are the marks of responsible breeding.

The female is pregnant for roughly 63 days, about nine weeks. Litters are often moderate to large. Because of the dam's size, whelping needs space, supervision, and a veterinarian on call, as giant breeds can run into complications during delivery. Puppies grow slowly and do not reach full adult size and substance until well past a year, so feeding and exercise must be managed to protect developing bones and joints. Early socialization in the breeder's home lays the foundation for the calm adult temperament the breed is known for.

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