Also known as: Anémie auto-immune (IMHA)
L'anémie hémolytique à médiation immunitaire (IMHA) est une affection grave dans laquelle le système immunitaire détruit les propres globules rouges de l'organisme, provoquant une anémie rapide, parfois sévère. Elle peut être primaire (idiopathique) ou déclenchée par des infections, des médicaments, des toxines ou un cancer. L'IMHA est une urgence médicale au pronostic réservé, avec un risque élevé de caillots sanguins mortels.
IMHA is one of the most common and life-threatening immune disorders in dogs. The immune system mistakenly attacks red blood cells, leading to their premature destruction and anemia that can develop within days.
Many cases are primary with no identifiable trigger. Secondary cases follow infections, certain drugs, vaccines, toxins, parasites, or underlying cancers.
Owners notice pale or yellow gums, weakness, rapid breathing, lethargy, and dark or orange urine. Collapse can occur with severe anemia or a blood clot.
Bloodwork shows anemia with evidence of red cell destruction and regeneration. Tests such as a saline agglutination test, Coombs test, and screening for triggers help confirm the diagnosis and identify causes.
Treatment centres on immunosuppression with corticosteroids, often combined with additional immune-modulating drugs. Blood transfusions, clot-prevention medication, and intensive supportive care are frequently needed.
Primary IMHA cannot be prevented. Avoiding unnecessary drugs in susceptible dogs and prompt treatment of infections may reduce secondary cases.
This content is for educational purposes and is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice. If you are worried about your pet, contact your veterinarian.
