پیچش طناب اسپرماتیک (پیچش بیضه)

Overview

Testicular torsion happens when the cord supplying a testicle twists, shutting off its blood flow. The result is intense pain and, if not corrected quickly, death of the testicular tissue. It is most common in undescended testicles located inside the abdomen.

Causes

Twisting is more likely when a testicle is abnormally located or enlarged, such as a retained abdominal testicle or one affected by a tumor, which adds weight and mobility that promote rotation.

Signs

Signs come on suddenly and include severe abdominal or scrotal pain, a firm swollen testicle or abdominal mass, reluctance to move, vomiting, and collapse.

When an undescended testicle is involved, the only outward clue may be sudden abdominal pain.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is based on physical examination and ultrasound showing an enlarged testicle with reduced blood flow, often combined with a history of an undescended testicle. Bloodwork helps assess the animal overall and prepare for emergency anesthesia and surgery.

Treatment & Management

Emergency surgery to remove the affected testicle relieves pain and prevents further complications. Supportive care for pain and shock is provided as needed. Most animals recover well once the affected testicle is removed.

Prevention

Neutering, including removal of retained testicles, prevents torsion and the associated cancer risk.

Because retained testicles carry both torsion and cancer risk, veterinarians recommend locating and removing them during neutering rather than leaving them in place.