هیپوآدرنوکورتیسیسم (بیماری آدیسون)

Overview

Addison's disease is an uncommon but important endocrine disorder in dogs, typically affecting young to middle-aged females. It is sometimes called the great pretender because its signs mimic many other illnesses.

Causes

Most cases result from immune-mediated destruction of the adrenal cortex, reducing production of cortisol and aldosterone. It can also follow abrupt withdrawal of long-term steroids or damage from other adrenal disease.

Signs

Dogs show intermittent lethargy, poor appetite, vomiting, diarrhoea, and weakness. Crisis presents as collapse, dehydration, and shock, often with low sodium and high potassium causing heart rhythm disturbances.

Diagnosis

Suggestive bloodwork includes electrolyte imbalances and azotaemia. Definitive diagnosis uses an ACTH stimulation test showing minimal cortisol response.

Treatment & Management

Acute crisis requires intravenous fluids and steroids. Long-term management uses injectable or oral mineralocorticoid (such as DOCP) plus glucocorticoid replacement, with periodic electrolyte monitoring.

Prevention

There is no prevention, but recognising early signs and avoiding sudden steroid withdrawal reduces crises. Lifelong therapy gives most dogs a normal lifespan.