Diabetes insípida
Also known as: Diabetes del agua
La diabetes insípida es un trastorno del equilibrio hídrico causado por una deficiencia de hormona antidiurética (forma central) o por la falta de respuesta del riñón a ella (forma nefrogénica). Los perros afectados producen grandes volúmenes de orina muy diluida y beben en exceso. A diferencia de la diabetes mellitus, no implica la glucosa en sangre.
Quick facts
- Type:
- Metabolic
- Typical onset:
- Chronic
- Body systems:
- Endocrine, Urinary, Metabolic
- Affected species:
- DOG
- Reference codes:
- ICD11 5A61.5, OMIA:278
Overview
Diabetes insipidus is an uncommon condition in which the body cannot concentrate urine, leading to marked thirst and urination. It is unrelated to sugar diabetes despite the shared name.
Causes
The central form results from inadequate antidiuretic hormone (ADH), often from pituitary tumours, trauma, or congenital defects. The nephrogenic form occurs when kidneys fail to respond to ADH.
Signs
The hallmark is profound polyuria and polydipsia: dogs drink and urinate enormous amounts and may have accidents indoors. Dehydration develops quickly if water is withheld.
Diagnosis
Other causes of excessive thirst must be excluded first. Diagnosis uses urine concentration testing, a controlled water-deprivation test, and response to synthetic ADH (desmopressin).
Treatment & Management
Central disease responds to desmopressin eye drops or injections. Nephrogenic disease is managed with dietary changes and ensuring constant water access. Underlying tumours may need imaging and specific therapy.
Prevention
There is no general prevention. Constant access to fresh water is essential to avoid life-threatening dehydration.
Sources & references
- Merck Veterinary Manual — Explains central versus nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, water-deprivation testing, and desmopressin therapy.
- OMIA
- ICD-11
This content is for educational purposes and is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice. If you are worried about your pet, contact your veterinarian.