Xylitol is a sugar alcohol sweetener that triggers rapid, massive insulin release in dogs, causing profound hypoglycemia. Higher doses can cause acute hepatic necrosis and liver failure. Sources include sugar-free gum, candy, baked goods, some peanut butters, and dental products. Signs appear within minutes to an hour.
Xylitol toxicosis is a rapidly progressing poisoning in dogs. The sweetener provokes dose-dependent insulin secretion leading to dangerous hypoglycemia, and at higher doses acute liver injury.
Ingestion of xylitol-containing products: sugar-free gum and mints, candies, baked goods, certain peanut and nut butters, toothpaste, and some medications.
Weakness, lethargy, vomiting, incoordination, collapse, and seizures from low blood sugar, often within 30 to 60 minutes. Hepatic failure may follow over 12 to 72 hours with jaundice, bruising, and bleeding.
History of ingestion plus documented hypoglycemia. Serial liver enzymes and clotting times assess hepatic involvement.
Emergency dextrose supplementation and intravenous fluids to correct hypoglycemia, plus liver protectants and supportive care. Induced emesis is only appropriate very early before signs develop. Monitoring of glucose and liver values is essential.
Store all xylitol products securely and check labels of peanut butter and supplements before sharing with pets.
This content is for educational purposes and is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice. If you are worried about your pet, contact your veterinarian.
