Hepatic lipidosis is the excessive accumulation of fat within liver cells, which impairs liver function. It develops when a period of reduced food intake triggers mobilization of body fat that overwhelms the liver. It is most common and severe in cats but can occur in dogs, often alongside another illness. With early, aggressive nutritional support the prognosis can be good.
Hepatic lipidosis is the build-up of fat inside liver cells to the point that the liver cannot work properly. It classically follows a period of anorexia, when the body mobilizes fat faster than the liver can process it. It is far more common in cats but is occasionally seen in dogs.
Any cause of decreased food intake can trigger it, often a concurrent illness such as pancreatitis, infection, or another organ disease. Obesity increases the available fat and the risk.
Signs include marked appetite loss, weight loss, jaundice, vomiting, lethargy, weakness, and sometimes drooling or neurologic signs in severe cases.
Elevated liver values and jaundice with a history of not eating prompt ultrasound and often a liver aspirate or biopsy showing fat-laden cells, while searching for the underlying trigger.
The cornerstone is early, adequate nutritional support, frequently via a feeding tube, plus fluids, anti-nausea drugs, and treatment of the underlying disease.
Preventing obesity and ensuring any sick or stressed animal continues to eat, with prompt intervention for anorexia, are the best preventives.
This content is for educational purposes and is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice. If you are worried about your pet, contact your veterinarian.
